考试知识点13 以后时
高考考试频度：★★★☆☆
考向一 一般以后时
1.shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求建议时常用于第二人称。
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家怎么样？
2.be going to +不定式，表示以后。
a. 主语的意图，马上做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天计划作什么呢？
b. 计划或安排要发生的事。
The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有征兆要发生的事。
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。
3.be +不定式表以后，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 大家下星期六讨论这份报告。
4.be about to +不定式，意为立刻做某事。
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他立刻要去北京。
注意：be about to do 不可以与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确以后时的时间状语连用。
5.一般目前时表以后。
a. 下列动词come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return的一般目前时可以表示以后，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
—When does the bus star? 汽车什么时间开？
—It stars in ten minutes. 十分钟后。
b. 以here，there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
c. 在时间或条件句中。
When Bill comes不是will come., ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。
I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。
d. 在动词hope，take care that，make sure that等的宾语从句中。
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我期望他们下星期玩得高兴。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。
6.用目前进行时表示以后。
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等目前进行时可以表示以后。
I’m leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿待到下周吗？
【易混辨析】
be going to | 用于条件句时，be going to表以后 | If you are going to make a journey, you’d better get ready for it as soon as possible. |
will | 用于条件句时，will表意愿 | Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. 假如你脱掉衣服，大家将在镜子前为你穿上新的衣服。 |
be to | 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事 | I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. |
be going to | 表示主观的计划或计划 | I’m going to play football tomorrow afternoon. |
—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
—All right. I ____________ him later.
A. will call B. have called C. call D will be calling
【答案】A
【分析】句意：——Dr.Jackson目前不在办公室。——好的，我待会再打给他。由later可知，表示的是以后要实行的动作，用一般以后时。故选A。
【名师点睛】本题依据对话形式进行时态考查，句中包括的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题，必须要注意题中有没明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以依据时间状语可以看出正确答案。
考向二 过去以后时
1. 过去以后时的概念
过去以后时主要用于表示过去某个时候看来马上发生的动作或存在的状况。
He said he would come here next Friday. 他说他下周五来这儿。
I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble. 我了解当大家陷入困境时他会帮助大家。
2. 过去以后时的结构
（1） would + 动词原形
She told us that she would try her best to catch up with other classmates this term. 她告诉大家说她将所有努力在本学期赶上其他同学。
When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you. 当你请李雷帮忙时，他绝不会拒绝。
（2）was / were going to + 动词原形
He told us that he was going to attend the meeting. 他告诉我说他要参加那次会议。
He said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station. 他说将要派我去火车站接她。
（3）was / were to + 动词原形。
The building was to be completed next month. 这座建筑该在下个月竣工。
Li Lei was to arrive soon. 李雷非常快就要到了。
（4）was / were about to + 动词原形。
We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly. 就在大家要离开时，天忽然下起了大雨。
He was about to have lunch when the bell rang. 就在他要吃中饭的时候，门铃响了。
（5）was / were +目前分词。
He was leaving the next day. 他第二天要走了。
We were informed that the leaders were coming to our school soon. 大家接到公告说领导们非常快要来大家学校。
3. 过去以后时的使用方法
（1）过去以后时，一般用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。
He said he would stay with us. 他说他要与大家待在一块。
He said he would never go there again. 他说他绝不会再去那儿。
（2）过去以后时，用于虚拟语气中。
If I were you, I would not do that. 假如我是你的话，我就不会那样做。
If he were here, he would show us how to do it. 假如他在这儿，他就会向大家展示该怎么样做了。
【总结拓展】
was / were going to + 动词原形，was / were to + 动词原形，was / were about to + 动词原形等结构都可表达当时一种未曾达成的意图或计划。
The conference was going to be held the next month. 会议下个月开。
We were to have our class at eight. 八点大家该上课了。
Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he ____________ a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.
A. has been B. had been C. was going to be D. was
【答案】C
【分析】句意：爱因斯坦出生于1879年，小的时候极少人猜到他将会成为一个伟大的科学家，他的理论将会改变全世界。依据句意，应该是表达过去以后时，所以只有C选项符合。该选项是用过去进行时表以后。A选项是目前完成时（用以表达过去的动作对目前的影响，总是有一些重点的词譬如说since或者是for加一段时间）；B选项是过去完成时；C选项是过去进行时（过去进行时表示过去某一此刻正在进行的动作，另外动词going的进行时还可以表达以后）；D选项是过去时（表达过去的动作）。结合以上的表述与后句用的情态动词would（will 的过去式，用于过去以后时），剖析可知答案就是C。
【名师点睛】剖析四个选项可以了解，该题考查的其实是不一样的时态。学会英语的时态和语态，需要学会好英语中的助动词和时间状语这两个核心问题，如本题的1879, would change的提示。另外也要结合用语境综合剖析选项，最后得出答案。
题组一 基础过关
用will/be going to填空
1. I think I ____________ pass the English test tomorrow.
2. Try this cake. You ____________ like it!
3. Many scientists say the climate ____________ change a lot in the next hundred years.
4. Look at the clouds!It ____________ rain.
5. He ____________ be twenty years old.
6. I’m tired. I think I ____________ go to bed.
7. I ____________ beat you if you do that again.
8. He is seriously ill. He ____________ die.
题组二 能力提高
I.单项填空
1.A kind of newly-made shoes, if put into the market, _________ large orders because the heels can switch from 4 to 9 centimeters.
A. meets B. will meet C. has met D. met
2.—Hi, Lily. Don’t forget to watch I’m a Singer at 20: 10 this Friday!
—What a pity! I_________ in a plane to Hainan for a meeting then.
A. will sit B. will be sitting C.am sitting D. sit
3.—Hi, Mr. Smith. Which department do you work in?
—I am in the Marketing Department now, but I_________ in the Sales Department before long.
A. worked B. will work C. have worked D. will have worked
4.—Did you inform Mary of the change of our plan?
—Oh no, I forgot. I _________and tell her.
A. call B.am to call
C.am going to call D. will call
5.No matter how advanced modern equipment is, letters_________ in expressing people’s feelings.
A. will never replace B. will never be replaced
C. never replace D. have never been replaced
6.The radio broadcast said that it _________tomorrow.
A. was not going to snow B. was not snowing
C. would not snow D. was not to snow
7.I _________Mr. Ked the next day, but the appointment has been cancelled.
A. was going to see B. saw
C. had seen D. will see
8.I thought he_________ that evening party, but to my surprise, he came.
A. wouldn’t attend B. hadn’t attended
C. didn’t attend D. won’t attend
9.She told us she_________a movie with us if she was free.
A. will see B.is going to see
C. would see D. saw
10.My mother promised she_________me a present unless I passed all the exams.
A. had not given B. would not give
C. will not give D. does not give
II.语法填空
More than 1,250 lit stallsbrighten the center of Thailand’s capital city, __________ a multicolored sight. The shelter, __________is designed for the thousands of traders and shoppers at Bangkok’s night market, has become an __________ itself.
The market, which __________ Train Night Market Ratchada in English, was opened in January 2015 and has become __________popular spot for locals and tourists. Software engineer Prasad Ambati visited the market and took the landscape photographs from a nearby car park. "Those __________ tents and people shopping, eating at stalls and the flashing lights were great. The tents made me think of a giant painting."
This is __________ a market that sells yesteryear goods, old-fashioned __________ of clothes, motorbikes, and second-hand toys. There are also plenty of general market things for sale, __________cheap clothes, shoes, bags, and other fashion items. But above all it’s one of the best places for street food, open-air bars with live music frequently __________ all over.
题组三 体验考试真题
1. （2019·天津卷改编）A committee of teachers _________（evaluate）materials and give opinions.
2.（2019·新课标II卷改编）You can use me as a last resort, and if nobody else volunteers，then I _________ （do） it.
3. （2019·天津卷改编）So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to be reading.
4. （2019·江苏卷改编）By the day of the show, more than 300 people had said they _________ （attend）.
5.As you go through this book, you ________ that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience.
A. will find B. found C. had found D. have found
6.At college, Barack Obama didn’t know that he __________ the first black president of the United States of America.
A. was to become B. becomes C. is to become D. became
题组一 基础过关
用will/be going to填空
1. will 2. will 3. will 4. is going to
5. will 6. will 7. will 8. is going to
题组二 能力提高
I.单项填空
1.B
【分析】考查时态。句意：一种新款的鞋，一旦投入市场，将会接到很多订单，由于这种鞋的鞋跟高度可以在4到9厘米之间变化。结合句意，此处表示以后的动作。故答案选B。
2.B
【分析】考查时态。句意：——喂， Lily。不要忘了观看本周五晚上八点十分的《我是歌手》! ——太可惜啦! 那时我正坐着飞往海南的飞机去开会呢。依据then可知此处为以后时， 联系上句中的时间状语可推知，这里表示在以后某个时间正在进行的动作， 故用以后进行时， 故答案为B。
3.B
【分析】考查时态。句意：——你好， Smith先生。你在什么部门工作? ——我目前在市场部， 但我不久就要到销售部工作。依据before long推知此处表以后的动作 ， 故选项B正确。
4.D
【分析】考查动词的时态。依据语境可知，空处表示说话者临时要做的事情，所以用"will+动词原形"。be going to do表示说话者已经决定的计划或安排要做的事，be to do表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务和需要需要去做的事或马上发生的动作，均不符合语境。
5.B
【分析】考查时态和语态。句意：无论现代的设施多么先进，在表达大家的情感时它永远替代不了信件。此处所讲是以后要发生的事情，故应该用一般以后时，又因replace与letters之间是被动关系，故答案应选B。
6.A
【分析】考查过去以后时。句意：无线电广播说明天不会下雪。be going to do sth.可用于谈天气，表示依据某种明显的征兆判断或有某种天气变化。
7.A
【分析】考查过去以后时。句意：我本计划第二天去看Ked先生，但约会被取消了。was going to do sth.有"本计划做某事"之意，言外之意是这个计划没达成。
8.A
【分析】考查过去以后时。句意：我以为他不会参加那个晚会，但令我惊讶的是，他来了。由句中另外两个动词用的是一般过去时可知，从句应用过去时态。"他不会来"应发生在"我以为"之后，故用过去以后时。
9.C
【分析】考查过去以后时。句意：她告诉大家，假如她有空，她将会和大家一块看电影。"看电影"还没有发生，要用以后时，而主句told是一般过去时，宾语从句也要用过去时态。所以用过去以后时。
10.B
【分析】考查过去以后时。主句用一般过去时，因此宾语从句也要用过去时态。宾语从句又是一个带条件状语从句的主从复合句，依据"主将从现"的规则，从句用一般过去时，主句则用过去以后时。
II.语法填空
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了坐落于曼谷的夜市Train Night Market Ratchada。
1.providing
【分析】考查非谓语动词。剖析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词;provide与其逻辑主语stalls之间为主谓关系，故用目前分词短语作状语。
2.which
【分析】考查定语从句。先行词是The shelter，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用which。
3.attraction
【分析】考查词性转换。依据空前的an可知，此处应填名词attraction "游览胜地，具备吸引力的事物"。
4.is called
【分析】考查时态和语态。定语从句说的是目前的客观事实，应该用一般目前时;which与call之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。
5.a
【分析】考查冠词。spot表示"地址"，是可数名词，且此处为泛指，故填不定冠词a。
6.colorful
【分析】考查词性转换。依据语境可知，此处指的是"颜色鲜艳的，五彩缤纷的"，故填colorful。
7.primarily
【分析】考查词性转换。此处修饰谓语动词，应该用副词，故填primarily。
8.collections
【分析】考查名词复数。空前无冠词或者形容词性物主代词，加之collection"珍藏物，珍藏品"是可数名词，故填collections。
9.like
【分析】考查介词。like意为"像，如"，用来列举事物。
10.performed
【分析】考查非谓语动词。此处是"with+宾语+宾补"复合结构。宾语music和perform之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。
题组三 体验考试真题
1.will evaluate
2.will do
3.would pretend
4. would attend
5.A
【分析】一般以后时表示将要发生的动作或状况。在一般以后时的句子中，有时有表示以后时间的状语，有时没时间状语，这个时候要从意思上判断是不是指将来的动作或状况。句意：当你通读这本书的时候，你将会发现成千上万的历程过二战的每一个人都有不一样的历程。依据句意，判断主语的时态为一般以后时，故选A
6.A
【分析】句意：在大学的时候，奥巴马不了解他将成为美国第一个黑人总统。用过去以后时表示过去某个时间将要发生的事情，所以选A。